Sermons / The Book Of Exodus / Fire On The Mountain Of God
Exodus 19 · Expository Sermon

Fire On The Mountain Of God

Series: The Book Of Exodus Episode 7

Sinai blazed. The people trembled before the Holy God.

The Book Of Exodus
About This Sermon

The people were about to meet with God — and they were not ready for the encounter. Mount Sinai was engulfed in fire and smoke, the ground trembled, a trumpet blast grew louder and louder, and God gave explicit instructions: do not touch the mountain, on pain of death. In this sermon on Exodus 19, Dr. Toby Holt examines what the terrifying holiness on display at Sinai was meant to teach Israel about who God is, why the people begged Moses to speak to God on their behalf rather than face Him directly, and what the covenant God was about to propose meant for a nation He had redeemed and now called His own.

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Questions This Sermon Answers

God's appearance in fire, thunder, earthquake, and trumpet was not theatrical — it was theological. Exodus 20:20 states the purpose explicitly: "Do not fear; for God has come to test you, and that His fear may be before you, so that you may not sin." The terror of Sinai was designed to produce the fear of God — a reverence so deep that sin becomes unthinkable. The person who truly grasps the holiness of God does not play with sin casually. Sinai was a visual and auditory sermon on divine holiness.

God commanded that no person or animal touch Mount Sinai under penalty of death (Exodus 19:12–13). The mountain had become holy by the presence of God — and holiness and sinful humanity cannot coexist. The barrier around Sinai pictures the fundamental problem of the human condition: we are separated from God by His holiness and our sin. The entire sacrificial system, the Tabernacle's architecture, and ultimately the cross of Christ are all God's answer to the question: how can sinners approach a holy God?

Moses was the mediator between God and Israel — he alone ascended into the cloud where God was. The people stood at a distance; Moses drew near. This mediating role anticipates the high priest's role in the Tabernacle and ultimately Christ's role as "the one mediator between God and men" (1 Timothy 2:5). The pattern established at Sinai — that sinful humans need a mediator to approach God — is the pattern Christ permanently fulfills.

The people trembled and stood far off. They asked Moses to mediate: "You speak with us, and we will hear; but let not God speak with us, lest we die" (Exodus 20:19). This response was appropriate and God-honoring — it was the right reaction to holiness. The error is not fearing God; the error is only fearing God. The gospel does not remove the fear of God — it adds to that fear the love of an adopted child. The Christian's relation to God is reverent intimacy, not familiarity or terror alone.

Hebrews 12:18–24 contrasts the terrifying, untouchable mountain of Sinai with the joyful, accessible "Mount Zion" of the new covenant — "the heavenly Jerusalem, to an innumerable company of angels" and "Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant." The contrast is not that Sinai was wrong and Zion is different — it is that Sinai was preparatory and Zion is its fulfillment. The terror of Sinai demonstrates what sinners deserve; the grace of Zion demonstrates what Christ provides. Both are necessary for a full understanding of the gospel.

Fire throughout Scripture represents the presence, holiness, and purifying judgment of God. The burning bush burned without consuming; the pillar of fire led Israel through the wilderness; Sinai blazed with divine glory; fire came down from heaven on Elijah's sacrifice; the Day of Pentecost brought tongues of fire. God is a consuming fire (Hebrews 12:29). This is not metaphor — it is the Old Testament's consistent symbol for the unapproachable holiness that simultaneously draws and repels, purifies and destroys.

Sinai produces fear; the gospel produces love. But the two are not alternatives — they are complements. The fear of God is "the beginning of wisdom" (Proverbs 9:10), not its end. John writes that "perfect love casts out fear" (1 John 4:18) — but this is the servile fear of punishment, not the filial reverence of a child before a holy Father. The Christian approaches God with both: the reverence born of Sinai and the confidence born of Calvary. Without Sinai, grace has no weight; without Calvary, Sinai has no resolution.

The Sinai theophany is the setting for the Ten Commandments — God's moral law given to His covenant people. The law was not given as a means of earning God's favor but to a people already redeemed: "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt" (Exodus 20:2) precedes the commandments. The law was the constitution of a covenant relationship already established by grace. Westminster Confession 19.2 affirms that the moral law given at Sinai remains binding on all people in all ages as the standard of God's moral will.

Key Theological Points

1. The Holiness of God

Sinai is Scripture's most dramatic visual presentation of divine holiness. Westminster Confession of Faith 2.2 describes God as "most holy in all His counsels, in all His works, and in all His commands." The barrier around the mountain, the death penalty for touching it, and the terror of the theophany all serve to dramatize this attribute. R.C. Sproul argued that holiness is the one attribute of God that Scripture ascribes to Him three times in succession — "Holy, holy, holy" — and that all other attributes derive their weight from this one. Sinai makes holiness visible.

2. The Necessity of Mediation

The people's request — "You speak to us, and we will hear; but let not God speak to us, lest we die" (Exodus 20:19) — establishes the permanent necessity of a mediator. Moses mediates between God and Israel at Sinai; the high priest mediates in the Tabernacle; ultimately Christ mediates between God and humanity at the cross. Calvin taught that from the beginning of the world, God was never gracious to His people apart from Christ the Mediator (Institutes II.6). The architecture of Sinai — God above, Moses between, Israel below — is the architecture of redemption.

3. Law Given to the Redeemed

The crucial interpretive key to the Ten Commandments is the preamble: "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery" (Exodus 20:2). The law is not given to earn redemption — it is given to shape the life of those already redeemed. This is the third use of the law in Reformed theology (Calvin's tertius usus legis): the law as a guide for the Christian life. The commandments are not a ladder to God but a map for those whom God has already brought to Himself.

4. The Text: Exodus 19:18–20 (NKJV)

"Now Mount Sinai was completely in smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire. Its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly. And when the blast of the trumpet sounded long and became louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by voice. Then the LORD came down upon Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain. And the LORD called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up."

Continue studying: explore the full Book of Exodus sermon series, or browse the complete Reformed Sermon Archive.

About Our Speaker
Dr. Toby B. Holt

About The Speaker: Dr. Toby Holt serves as the third President of New Geneva Theological Seminary (Colorado Springs, CO), founded 1993. An expository preacher with over 1.9 million sermon downloads on SermonAudio.com, Dr. Holt brings over 17 years of pastoral experience to his verse-by-verse Bible teaching. New Geneva offers fully online, Westminster Confessional theological education — M.Div., Th.M., D.Min., and other degrees.

Sermon Transcript

Summary. In this expository sermon on Exodus 19, Dr. Toby Holt of New Geneva Theological Seminary teaches that when Israel met the Lord at Mount Sinai amid thunder, fire, and smoke, they discovered that God is holy, holy, holy and utterly transcendent, while they were sinful and unable to approach him. The core doctrine is mediation: under the old covenant only one mediator, Moses, could ascend the mountain, but through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ the veil was torn and believers now have bold, unfettered access to the Father. Holt argues that God's holiness has not changed and remains a consuming fire, yet in Christ this once-inaccessible God has become eminently approachable.

Speaker: Dr. Toby B. Holt · Text: Exodus 19 · Full transcript (lightly edited for readability), ~30 min. Click any timestamp to jump to that point.

Meeting a Holy God at Mount Sinai

In Exodus 19, the people met God at Mount Sinai. From the base of the mountain, they watched as thunder, lightning, and fire rained down. In today's sermon, we'll consider this divine encounter with a holy God and what it can teach us all these centuries later. As we start this morning, I'll ask you a thinking question here.

Continue reading the full transcript 32-minute read · 14 sections · every section links back to the audio

Horeb and Sinai: Locating the Mountain of God

A few weeks ago, we considered a most amazing passage back in Exodus chapter 3. In Exodus chapter 3, we considered the events surrounding the burning bush. You have Moses, he's out tending the flocks of his father-in-law. He's been there a long time, upwards of 40 years.

And then on the back edge of the wilderness, he sees something that he hasn't seen in the past 40 years. He sees a bush, it's burning, it's on fire, and yet it's not consumed. Now, here's the question. Where was this located?

Sometimes when we read these events, we disassociate them from a real time and a real place. Where was this bush? Think through that as we go. Think through the location.

Well, in Exodus 3, back when we studied it, the answer was right there. In Exodus 3, it said that Moses had been tending the sheep, and in verse 1, he led the flock to a place called Horeb, the mountain of God. So as we try to figure out where this is, we have at least a partial answer.

We see this reference to a place called Horeb. Now, throughout Scripture, Horeb is used interchangeably with another name, which is what? Sinai. You ever hear of Mount Sinai?

Well, Mount Horeb, they are the same place. They're used interchangeably. Now, with that said, you would think that right away we could go onto Google Maps and go, well, blank, there it is. Well, again, not so simple.

Over the centuries, there have been two prevailing locations where people believe Mount Sinai is located. The traditional site occurs at a place called the Sinai Peninsula. It's called the traditional site not because it has the best theological evidence to prove it, but largely because a long time ago a Roman Catholic monastery was built there.

The alternate location for Mount Sinai is across the Red Sea where you would expect it to be, on the edge of Midian, which you would also expect it to be. We'll get into this a little bit later, but for the purposes this morning, the point is that in today's text, the reason it matters where the burning bush was is because God is going to tell Moses that he's going to come back to the same spot with his people.

In other words, when Moses was to deliver the people from Israel, they weren't just to go to all points, north or east or south or west. Rather, God had a specific location in mind. God told Moses way back in Genesis 3, He says, you're going to go out and deliver them. And the proof that you're going to deliver them is that when you're done with it, you're going to end up right back here talking to Me once again.

Exodus 3.12, God told Moses, He says, I'm going to be with you as you do this deliverance, and this will be the sign that I've sent to you. When you've brought the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain. This mountain, Mount Horeb, Mount Sinai, was important in the economy of God, and in God's time, the people, once they were delivered, were going to turn to this place to meet with Him.

The Wilderness of Sinai and God's Providence

All right, let's return to verses one and two, and then we'll work our way through the balance. Verse one. In the third month after the children of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, on the same day they came to the wilderness of Sinai. For they had departed from Rephidim, had come to the wilderness of Sinai, and had camped in the wilderness.

So Israel camped there before the mountain. All right, let's stop there. In verse 1, we see it took them three months to get to Sinai. That also is one of the ways that you can deduce where Sinai is because you can figure how long it takes to move from point A to point B. With that said, once they got there, how long do you think they stayed at the base of Mount Sinai?

God brought them from point A to B, took them from Egypt to Sinai. It took three months to get there. How long did they stay? Well, what we see throughout Exodus and into Numbers is it looks like it was just under a year that they stayed camped out at this location.

From roughly here in Exodus 19 all the way to, I think it's Numbers 10, is when you see them debarking from Sinai. Now, in verses 1 and 2, Moses does something interesting, and he does it three times. He refers to this not just as Sinai, not just as Midian, but he refers to this area as the wilderness, the wilderness of Sinai.

He re-emphasizes this point three times in two verses, that this area, it's like being on the far side of the moon. You know, for people in our day and age, I don't know, wilderness is relative to me. I've never been a hunter, so I haven't gone in a lot of places you might consider traditional wilderness.

If I go to Wiggins, I feel like I've been there. I'm sorry if you're from Wiggins. All right, so with that said, it's safe to say that this particular region was particularly stark. These were people who lived a great swath of their life outside.

These were people who knew what it was like to camp under the stars, and to them, this was wilderness in Sinai. And we know it was an undesirable, uninhabited place for a number of reasons, one of which is no one came looking for it when they were there. You'd think that people come into the territory and they camp out, that if it belonged to anybody, if anyone cared for this property, this location, that they would have encountered opposition.

And while they were camped there, they did not. Now, how did they survive if this was the wilderness? Well, we considered that last week, and we saw that God provided. The people wondered how they'd survived in the wilderness.

They wondered what they were doing there, too. And yet God says, I've heard their cries, I've taken them out of Egypt, and I'm not going to let them starve to death here. I will provide for them. And so he provided in last week's study two things.

First of all, there was quail, and the second was what? Manna. The quail and the manna. He also provided water from rock.

He was not going to let His people starve while they were there.

The Covenant Offer: A Kingdom of Priests and a Holy Nation

“Now therefore, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be a special treasure to Me above all people; for all the earth is Mine. And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.”

— Exodus 19:5-6 (NKJV)

This might have been the wilderness, but God's hand was upon them. All right, let's look at verses three through nine. Verse three. Now Moses went up to God, and the Lord called to him from the mountain, saying, Thus you shall say to the house of Jacob and tell the children of Israel, You've seen what I did to the Egyptians and how I bore you on eagles' wings and brought you to myself.

Now, therefore, if you will indeed obey my voice and keep my covenant, then you shall be a special treasure to me above all people, for all the earth is mine. And you shall be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. And these are the words that you shall speak to the children of Israel.

So Moses came and called for the elders of the people and laid before them all the words that the Lord had commanded him. Then all the people answered back, and they said, All the Lord has spoken, we will do. And so Moses brought back the words of the people to the Lord, and the Lord said to Moses, Behold, I will come to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you and believe you forever.

So Moses told the words of the people to the Lord.

Moses the Mediator Between God and His People

All right. Over the first 18 chapters or so, if you were to assign a label to Moses, if you were to say Moses is blank, what type of job or vocation did Moses have? Well, if you were one of the Israelites, you might have said Moses is a deliverer. Moses is the rescuer.

Moses is the guy that God chose to rescue and redeem us and deliver us from Egypt. So that's his job in a general sense for 18 chapters. As of today's reading, for the rest of his life, he would have a different job. At this point, he would step into a new role, a new responsibility.

He would be known as a mediator, as the mediator between God's people and God Himself. Now, when you think of mediation, you usually think of a third party that helps bridge the gap of two other parties or helps facilitate communication. In a generic sense, that applies. However, there's much more to that word, biblically speaking.

We'll get to that at another point. Now, with that said, God has chosen Moses to be His mediator between Himself and the people. All the people weren't going to be permitted to march up the mountain to meet with God, but Moses was going to be able to do it. And if anyone else touched the mountain, even the foot of the mountain, they would perish.

Now, once God met with Moses, once Moses went up and talked with God, God did something that He consistently did. He reminded Moses, and he wanted the people to be reminded of what had just happened. He wanted them to remember the Exodus. He says, the same God that you're going to meet with here, the same God that's meeting with you in the fire and here on Sinai, is the same one who rescued and redeemed you from Egypt.

Same God. Remember, at this time, the pagan peoples thought that God's like AM radio. If you travel a certain way, there's a different signal, maybe a different God. God had limited jurisdiction.

Well, God says, nope, nope, nope. I'm the same one, the same one that rescued you from Egypt. That's the one that's speaking. So he says, you tell that to all the people, Moses.

Beyond that, you tell the people that I've chosen them. I've selected them. Of all the nations on the earth, I didn't choose Egypt. I didn't choose Pharaoh to be my mediator.

I did not choose Egypt. I did not choose the Philistines. I didn't choose the Moabites. I did not choose these, but I chose you to be what?

Well, these verses declare — to be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. I've called the people out to myself, and they were the least of all peoples. In fact, they were just slaves, like a few weeks ago. I chose for me a people that were not chosen because they were powerful, not chosen, honestly, because they were more pious than anyone else.

I've chosen who I've chosen for the reasons that I've chosen, and My intention is that they would be a holy people unto Me. But that's going to involve not just My promise to them, but also their responsiveness. If I'm to be your God and you're to be my people, then that relationship works on the basis of me giving you wisdom, guidance, instructions, laws, commandments, and you obeying them.

Remember verse 5 said, if you will indeed obey my voice, if you'll keep my covenant, then you shall be a special treasure to me above all the people, for all the earth is mine. Well, in verse 7, Moses, he brings all that back. He brings that back to the people and he says, look, good news.

God has not left us behind. The God who rescued us, who sent all those plagues, who ushered in the Passover, who freed you and then fed you, He's not going to leave you. Remember, at this time, they might have felt like any given day they're going to wake up and God's not going to be there.

And if you and I are honest, there's times in our life where we have that fear too, where our circumstances may grow dark, and because they're dark, we wonder, is He really there? Is He attentive? Or have I done messed up so badly that now I'm outside of His grace? Well, that's never the case, and Moses tells the people the good news that God has rescued you.

He's still God. He's still there, and He wants you to be His people. Not Egypt, not Philistines, not the Midianites, you.

The Cost of Being Set Apart as a Holy People

Now, when the people heard that, they said, that sounds great. That sounds great. They liked the sound of that. In fact, in verse 8, the people answered together, and they said, all that the Lord has spoken, we will do.

Now, would they do it? We're going to see in the chapters ahead. They liked the idea of being special. At this point, everyone's on the same page.

God says are special. People like to be special. Everyone's in agreement at this point. However, if you'll notice, the Ten Commandments had not been yet given.

In fact, the bulk of the ceremonial and civil laws had not yet been given. They had a desire to have a special relationship with God, but they didn't really know who He was yet, and they didn't know what He expected of them. The more they learned about this God and who He was and what His expectations were upon them, the more they started to evaluate that relationship on the basis of whether they liked what he said or not.

People still do that today. If you tell anyone that God has made you special, well, everyone wants to hear that. You grow up, your mom tells you you're special, you smile inside. You like when people tell you that you're special.

That's not the hard part. The hard part is when the same God who made them, who called them out, who said that they were special, also said that this is the way that you as special people are to live. This is the way that you are to be holy and set apart in a kingdom of priests.

And when those responsibilities conflicted with the way they wanted to live, well, we'll see how that turns out in the chapters yet to come.

Consecration and Reverent Preparation to Meet God

“Go to the people and consecrate them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their clothes. And let them be ready for the third day. For on the third day the Lord will come down upon Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people.”

— Exodus 19:10-11 (NKJV)

All right, let's look at verses 10 through 15. Then the Lord said to Moses, Go to the people and consecrate them today and tomorrow. Let them wash their clothes. Let them be ready for the third day.

And on the third day, the Lord will come down upon Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people. You shall set bounds for the people all around, saying, Take heed to yourselves that you do not go up the mountain or touch its base. Whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death.

Not a hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned or shot with an arrow. Whether man or beast, he shall not live. And when the trumpet sounds long, they shall come near the mountain. So Moses went down from the mount to the people and sanctified the people, and they washed their clothes.

And he said to the people, be ready for the third day. Do not come near your wives.

Nearness to God Reveals Human Sinfulness

Throughout the Old Testament, something ironic occurs. Now, what is that? Well, every time that God's people are brought closer to God Himself, every time God's people are brought closer to God, they simultaneously recognize just how far removed they really are from Him. Let me give you an example.

Remember the prophet Isaiah. In Isaiah 6, he has a vision of God. He has a meeting with God. He sees the Lord God high and lifted up in the year that King Uzziah died.

He has this encounter with God Himself. And how does Isaiah react? How does Isaiah respond? What does he do?

He falls down on his face. Now, was Isaiah some weakling in matters of faith? Was he some low-level prophet? Absolutely not.

Isaiah was Isaiah. And yet even Isaiah, when he came into the presence of God Himself, his response was to realize just how far removed God truly was from he himself, to the point he falls down and he says, Woe is me. Woe is me. I'm an unclean man with unclean lips.

I live amongst a people of unclean lips and my eyes have seen the king. He realized at the moment of proximity with God just how far removed and how far God transcended him. Well, that's the irony we find at other intervals throughout the Old Testament in particular. You see interactions where people are drawn into close encounters with God, and the moment that they have a close encounter with God, they simultaneously realize just how holy and magnificent and awesome and transcendent He is.

Well, in this case, the same is true. The people are going to have a close encounter with God, and simultaneously they're going to recognize just how holy He is, just how transcendent He is. This is not one of the Egyptian deities that were like demigods or half crocodile, half man, or stuff like that.

This was not like that. This was a God that transcended all of that pantheon of gods and all of the created realm itself. And when the people came into contact with Him, they recognized that in a way that they did not previously. So you'll see that in today's text.

We also see in verses 10 through 15 something interesting. We see that when the people were called to meet with God, there was an aspect of preparation. When the people were called to meet with God, there was an aspect of preparation. I assure you, of all the things that have gone missing across several thousand years of ministry, one of them is this.

We are nowhere near as reverential as we ought to or need to be, given who it is we're worshiping. And so God says, before you meet with me, you are to prepare yourself, prepare your hearts, wash your clothes, wash your bodies, not because the grime itself was the problem, but because that's an outward sign of an inward cleansing that anyone is going to ultimately need in order to dwell on high, and ultimately is accomplished through the work of the Holy Spirit, through our faith in the Son.

With that said, there's a lot going on here when he says, clean yourself up, because we're going to meet with God. An encouragement I would have to all of us is to approach what we do here as we're meeting with God. On the one hand, we're meeting others in the context of the fellowship we're enjoying.

Yet at the same time, this is not functionally about you meeting you, meeting you, meeting you, meeting me. This is about us corporately meeting God, and it should be done with all the reverence we can bring to the table. So we see that in these verses. Beyond that, in these verses, we see that these individuals here in this text, once they were clean, once they were prepared after several days, they were also told that even if you're clean, you're not going to just go marching up the mountain.

In fact, you're not even permitted to touch it. Such a one, even if an animal from the field touches it, such a one should die. There was a danger with coming in contact with a holy and radiant God.

The Consuming Fire: God's Presence Descends in Judgment

Let's consider that danger a little bit more as we look at verses 16 through 25, where that danger is demonstrably illustrated for us. Verses 16 through 25. Then it came to pass on the third day in the morning that there were thunderings and lightnings and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of the trumpet was very loud, so that all the people who were in the camp trembled.

And Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet with God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain. Now Mount Sinai was completely in smoke, because the Lord descended upon it in fire. Its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly. And when the blast of the trumpet sounded long, it became louder and louder.

Moses spoke, and God answered him by voice. Then the Lord came down upon Mount Sinai on the top of the mountain, and the Lord called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up. And the Lord said to Moses, Go down, warn the people, lest they break through to gaze at the Lord, and many of them perish.

Also let the priests who come near the Lord consecrate themselves, lest the Lord break out against them. Even the priests know this. But Moses said to the Lord, The people cannot come up to Mount Sinai, for you warned us, saying, Set bounds across the mountain and consecrate it. And the Lord said to him, Away!

Get down and come up, you and Aaron with you. Do not let the priests and the people break through to come up to the Lord, lest He break out against them. So Moses went down to the people and spoke with them. God's warning to Moses.

Moses seems to say, hey, God, we got this. We told everyone. They know the drill. And God says, I don't think they understand.

In fact, I know they don't understand. You go down. Roughly seven times across the next few chapters, Moses is going to go up and down in his meetings with God. In this particular case, God is saying that people really need to understand what is taking place here.

Now, earlier this morning, I mentioned that there's at least two modern mountains that archaeologists have identified as possibly being the real Mount Sinai that we see here in Exodus. And as I said, the traditional site where the Catholics have built this famous monastery is located in a region we call the Sinai Peninsula.

However, the other location that I'm personally persuaded is more likely is in modern-day Saudi Arabia. It is a mountain that is called, by those who live there, Jabal al-Lawz. Now, one of the most interesting characteristics of this particular mountain, Jabal al-Lawz, is that the whole top of the mountain, to this day, is blackened.

And even secular geologists and scholars alike acknowledge that what's happened up there has probably occurred through some form of fire. I don't know whether it's a real mountain or not, and it's not really relevant to matters of faith, but it is interesting, and it's worth your consideration if you're so inclined. With that said, I do know this much from our study in Exodus 19.

I know that whatever mountain got touched by the presence of God was absolutely charred by His presence. In this text, we see God's presence is real, and it burns and consumes all that it touched and turned the top of this mountain into a furnace of sorts. In fact, that's the word that's used.

You picture a furnace, you picture not only the flames, you picture the billowing of smoke. All of that's what happened, combined with lightning, combined with thunder, combined with an earthquake, combined with a trumpet. You think God wanted the people to know that He was their God, that He was the maker. He was not a God amidst a pantheon of other gods, but this is the God who came down from heaven to meet with His people, and when He met with His people, interestingly, at least in this Old Testament, Old Covenant encounter, He met with them manifest in fire, similar to the fact that in Exodus 3, He met with Moses in the burning bush, also manifest in fire.

These are not accidents.

The Transcendence and Holiness of the Inaccessible God

Now, in these verses from Exodus 19, especially if this was all I had to read about this God, I would find myself a little conflicted, to be honest. And that's because the God that I see in these verses, at least based on what I see here, seems inaccessible to me. What do I mean by that?

Well, again, think what this text says. We see lightning and thunder that startled and scared and frightened. We see the ground shaking beneath people's feet. We see a trumpet that sounds and it gets progressively louder and louder and louder.

Being honest, I hear this and I think of the fire and the smoke and the furnace and all the things that are going on here. I can't help but be frightened, even just looking back at it through the corridors of time, even just reading about this, to think that's the God of all creation?

I can't help but both be impressed, awed, and honestly, a little anxious about this God based on the attributes that are illustrated here. Well, you know what? That's the point. That was the point with the Israelites, to understand that they had a problem, that the God of all creation was holy and that they were not.

Remember I told you, the closeness of the proximity they had with this encounter, simultaneously they realized just how transcendent this God was. That was the point. If any man amongst them thought, well, I'm better than Bob or my neighbors or Stu or Fred or what have you, maybe that will let me get halfway up the mountain.

Being better than Bob or Fred or Stu or Frank or Marv or whoever does nothing for you in the economy of God. It doesn't allow you to let one foot on one rung up to his golden shores. God is holy, holy, holy. And that's what we see in this.

And it was intended to shake the people out of any complacency they had about their standing with him. They had a problem. With one blast from His nostrils, He could eradicate the entirety, not just of them, but of all of fallen humanity. Furthermore, as we see elsewhere in Scripture, He would be fully entitled to do so because He's the lawgiver and humanity has broken the laws.

The Immutability of God's Holiness

Now let me stop and ask you a question. Is God still as holy now as He was then? Let's try that again. Is God still, right now, today, every bit as holy as the God who came down in fire around the mountains?

Is He as holy now as He was then? Absolutely. God doesn't change. He's not a God whose holiness ebbs and flows like your cholesterol.

God's holiness, God's holiness does not change. God is not going to be less holy tomorrow. He's not going to wake up and be more holy. If He was, then He wouldn't be God on any given day, if He could be a better God tomorrow.

He's as holy now as He was then. Now, wait a second. If the same God is in the same heavens and He's as holy now as He was back then, and you and I are no less sinful than those Israelites who met with him there — uh-oh, uh-oh, we have a problem.

A Better Mediator: Bold Access Through Jesus Christ

The good news for us, though, is there's a solution to our problem by which this inaccessible God becomes eminently approachable. The path to God is not cordoned off at the base of some mountain that you're not allowed to touch. At one point, this was the case. At one point, the mountain was cordoned off.

At one point, only one guy, one guy, one mediator that they had this time, his name was Moses, was even able to go up and talk with God. One guy was the mediator. Everyone else had to stay at a distance. They couldn't even so much as touch the mountain.

Now, if you are an Orthodox Jew in the present, is that still what your theology teaches you? That God is inaccessible and unapproachable? Yes, yes, and yes. If you're operating under an old covenant with an old mediator, the answer is yes.

Nothing has changed. That is sad, that is depressing. That is a terrifying worldview to perpetually be under. However, in the New Testament economy following the birth, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, something has happened by which we no longer have one mediator named Moses.

We have a better mediator named Jesus, who lives, breathes, and died, and even now sits at the right hand of God the Father making intercession for us. And this one, this Jesus, has cleared the path through His own flesh, has made possible our close interaction with God to the point that the author of Hebrews says this, we can now approach His throne boldly.

The sort of boldness you did not see in Exodus chapter 19. With our remaining time, let me linger on this. There's more we could talk about about the mountain. There's more we could talk about about this Old Testament group of individuals.

But let me talk about how this text relates to you and I this day, how it gives us hope. We've talked thus far this morning about this biblical event that occurred at the base of the mountain some, I don't know, 34-odd, 400-odd years ago. We talked about this one event.

The Torn Veil at the Cross

Well, let me talk about a second event that occurred about 1,400 years after Sinai. Roughly 1,400 years after Sinai, there was a day. There was a day that at the start of it looked just like any other day. There was a day where, if you were outside in the field, it seemed like the days before, all the days before.

The sun came up, the wind blew across the fields, the sky looked as it usually did. But then at noon, something happened. At noon, something changed. At noon that particular day, the sky drew dark.

In fact, saying the sky drew dark is a misnomer. The sky didn't grow dark. Scripture says that on this particular day, the sun stopped giving its light. It was altogether different from just saying it got dark out.

The sun stopped giving its light. And as a result, darkness gripped the whole landscape, particularly around Jerusalem and the temple. And in the temple, something else happened. In the temple, there was a veil.

There was a veil in front of the Holy of Holies. It was huge. It was 30 feet tall, about four inches thick. It was big.

It was impressive. It was a piece of fabric like nothing you've ever seen, and its purpose was what? To separate, to separate He who dwelt behind the veil in the Holy of Holies from everyone else. And only occasionally, once a year, could a priest with a rope tied around his foot, lest he died, walk in there.

There was a veil in the temple that separated God from man. However, on this day, on the day when the sun stopped giving its light, on the day that Jesus Christ died, at the moment that Jesus Christ died, what happened to the veil? If I thought ahead, I'd have an object. Listen, I'd rip something here.

It was ripped in two, is rent in two, this veil, this thing. You and I could go out and try to do anything with it. We couldn't shred it with our hands. And yet the hand of God took it from top to bottom, which symbolizes something important as well, ripped it in two.

What does that demonstrate? It demonstrates that through the death of Jesus Christ, we no longer have a veil that separates us from God, but we can now approach and we now have access to the Father through the veil of flesh of His Son. When Jesus Christ died, He satisfied the law's demands on our behalf.

When Jesus Christ died, the perfect Passover lamb, when He died and His blood was substituted for ours, then we who have faith now have access to the same Father that He has. And because of that, as the author of Hebrews 12 says, we no longer stand at a distance staring at Him, scared to even hear His voice lest we die, not willing to even touch the foot of the mountain lest we die.

Instead, now in the present, we can walk boldly to His throne of grace for help in our hour of need. That was not possible through an old covenant and an old mediator. It is possible through the new covenant and the new mediator. That is what we see throughout the book of Hebrews.

The author of Hebrews was telling that something has happened that allows us to filter that inaccessible God from Exodus 19 and to recognize that although He Himself has not changed, He has, through Jesus Christ, ordained and decreed the means, the pathway, so to speak, by which we can now ascend the mountain.

Christ the Ladder: Ascending to the Father by Faith

Do you remember that moment way back in the book of Genesis? We have this image that's called Jacob's ladder, this vision of Jacob's ladder. Well, later on, Jesus said, hey, you know what? The vision of this ladder that goes up and down from heaven with angels going up and down it, Jesus later said, that vision, given all the centuries ago in the book of Genesis, that vision was about Me.

I'm the ladder. You can't ascend up a mountain. You can't ascend through an escalator. You can't ascend through a ladder, through steps, through anything on the basis of your own virtue or your own righteousness, but you can ascend through faith in Me.

I am He who allows you to run up the mountain, so to speak, into the arms of your Father. Jesus Christ is the fulfillment of everything we're going to see throughout our study in the book of Exodus. Jesus Christ is the fulfillment of all these different things, and it's important that we understand that.

Otherwise, we look at Exodus 19 and all we see is a God that we can't draw near to. This morning, closing, it is fully appropriate and wise and important for you and I to understand that God is holy and He hasn't changed. And we should approach Him corporately and individually with reverence that is His due.

God is holy. It's fully appropriate to understand what even the author of Hebrews understood, that our God is a consuming fire and that hasn't changed. But the good news of the gospel that we take with ourselves out these doors this morning, the good news of the gospel, is that through the death, through the resurrection of God's Son, the penalty for our sins has been paid in full, and you and I now have full, unfettered, unveiled access to the Father.

This week, no matter what you've done this past week, no matter what you've done in years past, the God who has made you is not giving you the divine stiff arm, but through His Son, He's inviting you close. He says, run to Me, run to Me. Let us therefore come boldly to the throne of grace and we may attain mercy and find grace to help in time of need.

This week, run up that mountain you are now invited to through the person and work of Christ. Let's pray.

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